U.S. History: Civil War- Interpreting a Civil War Battlefield

In this lesson activity, students will examine the changing interpretation of the Stones River National Battlefield. They will compare both the National Park Service mission statements and the park brochures for 1957 and 2014. A careful analysis of the mission statements and brochures should reveal a dramatic change in interpretation. The 1957 mission focuses on the scenic aspects of the park and the 2014 statement centers on the park’s responsibility to “educate...future generations.” Where the 1957 brochure focused simply on the events related to the battle, the 2014 brochure includes a timeline of the Civil War and information on the history of the neighboring town of Murfreesboro, women’s roles in a war-torn community, African American troops, and the small African American community of Cemetery that developed on the battlefield site after the Civil War. After completion of this activity, students should be able to discern and understand trends in America’s collective memory of not only Stones River, but the Civil War.

Standards & Objectives

Academic standards
5.15
Explain the contributions of Tennesseans during the war, including:
8.78
Describe African-American involvement in the Union army, including the Massachusetts 54th Regiment and the 13th U.S. Colored Troops in the Battle of Nashville.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.5.1
Quote accurately from a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.8.1
Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.5.1
Quote accurately from a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.8.1
Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.5.2
Summarize a written text read aloud or information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively, and orally.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.6.1
Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 6 topics, texts,...
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.2
Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.2
Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis...
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.7
Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and refocusing the inquiry when appropriate.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.8
Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources; assess the credibility of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and...
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.9
Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
GLE 0601.2.1
Demonstrate critical listening skills essential for comprehension, evaluation, problem solving, and task completion.
GLE 0601.2.2
Begin to differentiate between summarizing and paraphrasing.
GLE 0601.2.6
Understand strategies for expressing ideas clearly and effectively in a variety of oral contexts.
GLE 0601.2.8
Participate in work teams and group discussions.
GLE 0601.3.3
Organize ideas into an essay with an introduction, developing paragraphs, conclusion, and appropriate transitions.
GLE 0601.4.2
Gather relevant information from a variety of print and electronic sources, as well as from direct observation, interviews, and surveys.
SPI 0501.1.15
Recognize and use grade appropriate vocabulary within context.
SPI 0501.3.10
Select appropriate time-order or transitional words/phrases to enhance the flow of a writing sample.
SPI 0501.5.1
Locate information to support opinions, predictions, and conclusions.
SPI 0501.5.6
Make inferences and draw appropriate conclusions from text.
SPI 0501.7.2
Determine the main idea in a visual image.
SPI 0601.2.4
Select the most appropriate behaviors for participating productively in a team (e.g., contribute appropriate and useful information and ideas, understand the...
SPI 0601.2.5
Identify the functions and responsibilities of individual roles within an organized group (i.e., reporter, recorder, information gatherer, leader, timekeeper).
SPI 0601.3.1
Identify the purpose for writing (i.e., to inform, to describe, to explain, to persuade).
SPI 0601.3.5
Select illustrations, descriptions, and/or facts to support key ideas.
SPI 0601.3.9
Select an appropriate concluding sentence for a well-developed paragraph.
SPI 0601.4.3
Determine the most appropriate research source for a given research topic.
SPI 0801.5.9
Make inferences and draw conclusions based on evidence in text.
TSS.ELA.5.RI.KID.1
Quote accurately from a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text.
TSS.ELA.5.RL.KID.1
Quote accurately from a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text.
TSS.ELA.5.SL.CC.2
Summarize a text presented in diverse media such as visual, quantitative, and oral formats.
TSS.ELA.6.SL.CC.1
Prepare for collaborative discussions on 6th grade level topics and texts; engage effectively with varied partners, building on others' ideas and...
TSS.ELA.6.W.RBPK.7
Conduct research to answer a question, drawing on multiple sources and refocusing the inquiry when appropriate.
TSS.ELA.6.W.RBPK.8
Integrate relevant and credible information from print and digital sources; quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding...
TSS.ELA.6.W.TTP.2
Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of...
TSS.ELA.8.RI.KID.1
Analyze what a text says explicitly and draw logical inferences; support an interpretation of a text by citing relevant textual evidence.
TSS.ELA.8.RL.KID.1
Analyze what a text says explicitly and draw logical inferences; support an interpretation of a text by citing relevant textual evidence.
TSS.ELA.8.W.RBPK.9
Support interpretations, analyses, reflections, or research with evidence found in literature or informational texts, applying grade 8 standards for...
 
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Lesson Variations

Blooms taxonomy level: 
Applying

Helpful Hints

RESOURCES/MATERIALS:

  • Handout 1—Mission Statements
  • Handout 2—Brochures
  • Stones River National Military Park, Tennessee (1957 Stones River Brochure)
  • 2014 Stones River Brochure
  • Cohen, Sharon. “Teaching the Skill of Historical Interpretation.” World History Connected 8, no. 2 (June 2011). Accessed January 26, 2015. http://worldhistoryconnected.press.illinois.edu/8.2/cohen.html